海南兰科植物新资料（Ⅲ）

报道了海南兰科植物6个新记录种：密花石豆兰Bulbophyllum odoratissimum（J．E．Smith）Lindl．、金唇兰Chrysoglossum ornatum B1．、勐海隔距兰Cleisostoma menghaiense Z．H．Tsi、无叶美冠兰Eulophia zollingeri（Rchb．f）J．J．Smith、心叶球柄兰Mischobulbum cordifolium（Hook．f）Schltr．及台湾白点兰Thrixspermum formosanum（Hayata）Schltr．。凭证标本保存于中国科学院植物研究所国家植物标本馆（PE）。     

宁夏十字花科1种新记录植物

报道了宁夏十字花科1种新记录植物,小果亚麻荠(Camelina microcarpa).     

中国新叶蠊属一新种和一新记录种记述(蜚蠊目：姬蠊科)

In the present paper, Neoloboptera Princis is reviewed and one new species, Neoloboptera choui Che, sp. nov., and one new record species, N. reesei Roth, are described and illustrated. All type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection of Southwest University (SWU).     

中国兰科植物一新记录种及一新异名

报道了中国兰科植物1新记录种,即苏瓣石豆兰(Butbophyllum dayanum Rchb.f.),本种的花序具2～5朵花,萼片和花瓣的边缘被流苏状丝质毛,可与该组的其他种相区别.将Dendrobium menglaensis X.H Jin & H.Li归并为杓唇扁石斛(D.chrysocrepis Parish & Rchb.f.ex Hook.f.)的新异名,该种的花单生于压扁状的茎上,唇瓣勺状,与其近缘种易于区别.     

The genus Asiabregma Belokobylskij,Zaldivar & Maeto (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China,with description of a new species

The small Asian genus Asiabregma Belokobylskij, Zaldivar & Maeto 2008 is recorded from China for the first time and one new species, A. achterbergi sp. nov., is described and illustrated. A key to species of genus Asiabregma is updated to include A. achterbergi. The relationship between Asiabregma and other members of the subtribe Facitorina and the systematic position of Facitorina are discussed.     

Recognizing pulses of extinction from clusters of last occurrences

The distribution of last occurrences of fossil taxa in a stratigraphic column are used to infer the pattern, timing and tempo of extinction from the fossil record. Clusters of last occurrences are commonly interpreted as an abrupt pulse of extinction. However, stratigraphic architecture alone can produce clusters of last occurrences that can be misinterpreted as an extinction pulse. These clusters will typically occur in strata that immediately underlie facies changes and sequence‐stratigraphic surfaces. It has been proposed that a basin‐wide analysis of the fossil record within a sequence‐stratigraphic framework can be used to distinguish between clusters of last occurrences caused solely by extinction pulses from those generated by sequence‐stratigraphic architecture. A basin‐wide approach makes it possible to observe lateral facies shifts in response to sea‐level change, mitigating the effects of stratigraphic architecture. Using computer simulations of plausible Late Ordovician mass‐extinction scenarios tuned to an inferred Late Ordovician sea‐level curve, we show that stratigraphically‐generated clusters of last occurrences are observed even in basin‐wide analyses of the simulated fossil records due to the basin‐wide loss of preferred facies for many taxa. Nonetheless, we demonstrate that by coarsening the stratigraphic resolution to the systems‐tract level and identifying facies preferences of simulated taxa, we can filter out taxa whose last occurrences coincide with the basin‐wide loss of their preferred facies. This enables consistent identification of the underlying extinction pattern for a wide variety of extinction scenarios. Applying this approach to empirical field data can help to constrain underlying extinction patterns from the fossil record.     

云南昭通发现红点齿蟾

2019年8月,在云南省昭通市威信县徐家坝一溶洞中发现齿蟾雄性成体1只,并采集到12只蝌蚪标本。雄性成体标本形态特征与红点齿蟾（Oreolalax rhodostigmatus）模式产地标本相符：即鼓膜明显,有鼓环,雄性第一、二指上婚刺粗大,内外掌突长椭圆形,极显著,排成倒“八”形;体侧有10余个极显著的橘红色或浅黄圆疣;腋腺及股后腺大而圆,橘红色。蝌蚪体形肥大,紫色或无色透明,第一行短唇齿的下方,又有一行短唇齿位于左、右第一和二行唇齿之间,两口角处副突多,且有小齿。故鉴定为红点齿蟾,为云南省两栖动物分布新记录种。     

云南澜沧江下游3种条鳅科鱼类中国新记录

澜沧江-湄公河作为一条国际河流,是全世界鱼类物种多样性最高的流域之一,其中中国境内澜沧江流域的条鳅科鱼类共记录37种,由于该类群分类鉴定较为困难,流域内仍存在未被发现、描述或准确鉴定的物种。2015至2019年,通过对云南省普洱市和西双版纳傣族自治州境内的澜沧江流域进行多次鱼类生物多样性调查,共发现3种未曾记录的条鳅科鱼类。对所采集到鱼类标本的重要性状进行测量,并与国内外相关文献进行形态特征比较,分别鉴定为长带条鳅（Nemacheilus longistriatus）、裸背南鳅（Schistura nudidorsum）和宽齿南鳅（S. latidens）,均为中国物种新记录;其中,由于以前在中国记录的条鳅属鱼类均已移入南鳅属（Schistura）,长带条鳅是目前中国分布的唯一条鳅属物种。本文对这3种新记录的条鳅科鱼类进行描述,对今后澜沧江条鳅科鱼类物种鉴定具有一定的指导意义,同时为澜沧江鱼类资源的调查和保护提供科学依据。     

中国鲟科一新记录种——小体鲟

在中国,小体鲟(Acipenser ruthenus)被认为自然分布于额尔齐斯河,但至今尚无发现该种的文献报道,在额尔齐斯河是否确有分布还存疑问。2019年9月,在中国额尔斯斯河下游(185团)采集到鲟类标本1尾,全长91.5 cm,体重5 520 g。标本背骨板11,侧骨板64,腹骨板12;口腹位,较小,口下唇中间断裂;鳃耙数17,符合小体鲟的形态特征。利用线粒体DNA Cyt b基因序列(1 141 bp),对鲟属10个物种的亲缘关系及系统发育进行分析,该种与分布于鄂毕河、多瑙河的小体鲟遗传距离最近(序列分歧为0～0.000 2),并在进化树中聚为一支,应属于种内关系。基于以上研究结果,可以确定该标本即为小体鲟,在额尔齐斯河首次被发现,为中国鲟科分布新记录种,标本保存于中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所鱼类标本馆(标本号80092871)。     

西藏自治区发现贡山白环蛇兼记其 半阴茎形态及一新色型

2019年8至9月,在西藏自治区察隅县察瓦龙乡和云南省怒江州泸水市鲁掌镇分别采集到1号和2号白环蛇属(Lycodon)标本。经过形态特征比较和线粒体Cytb基因序列分析,鉴定所采集3号标本均为贡山白环蛇(L. gongshan)。此次在察隅所采集到的贡山白环蛇为西藏自治区蛇类分布新记录种。察隅标本体背以橄榄褐色为主,具不规则黑色窄横纹,腹面为不规则斑纹,为该物种的一个新色型。此外,本文补充了该物种的半阴茎形态描述。